Atrial Fibrillation

Overview

Atrial fibrillation is a common heart rhythm disorder in which the heart beats irregularly and usually abnormally fast. It is known as AF or AFib for short.

In a normal heart, the heart muscle contracts regularly and in a coordinated manner, pumping blood effectively. In atrial fibrillation, the upper chambers of the heart contract irregularly and rapidly, making it difficult for the heart to work efficiently.

AFib becomes more common with age. 1 in 4 people over the age of 40 may develop AFib during their lifetime.

The symptoms of atrial fibrillation vary from person to person. While some people feel nothing, others experience noticeable symptoms. The most common symptoms are heart palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Chest discomfort and dizziness may also occur.

Symptoms may be constant or come and go. In some people, AFib is only detected during a routine health check.

Why is AFib important?

Atrial fibrillation is generally not a life-threatening condition on its own, but it can lead to serious complications. The most important risk is stroke.

When the heart beats irregularly in AFib, blood is not pumped properly and clots can form inside the heart. If these clots enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain, they can cause a stroke. People with AFib have a 5 times higher risk of stroke than normal people.

Therefore, when AFib is diagnosed, blood thinner medication is usually needed to prevent stroke.

What are the types of AFib?

Atrial fibrillation can occur in different forms and this affects treatment decisions.

In paroxysmal AFib, the irregular heart rhythm comes and goes. It usually returns to normal on its own within 48 hours. In this type of AFib, symptoms can last from a few minutes to a few hours and then disappear.

In persistent AFib, the irregular rhythm continues for more than 7 days and treatment is needed to return to normal. Medication or electrical cardioversion may be used.

Long-standing persistent AFib is AFib that continues for more than 12 months. Treatment may be more difficult and more aggressive approaches may be needed.

In permanent AFib, the rhythm disorder is continuous and attempts to restore normal rhythm have been abandoned. In this case, treatment focuses on keeping the heart rate under control and preventing stroke.

When should you see a doctor?

If you feel an irregular heartbeat, frequently feel tired, or have shortness of breath, see your doctor. Chest discomfort, dizziness, or feeling faint are also symptoms that require seeing a doctor.

In case of chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or fainting, call emergency services or go to the emergency room. These may be signs of a heart attack or other emergencies.

AFib treatment and life

Atrial fibrillation can be successfully managed with lifestyle changes, medications, and various procedures when needed. Your doctor will adjust appropriate treatment options according to the type of AFib.

To prevent stroke, most atrial fibrillation patients are given blood thinner medications called anticoagulants. To control symptoms, medications that regulate heart rate or rhythm are used.

In some cases, procedures such as cardioversion and catheter ablation may be needed. For most people, however, medication is sufficient.

Lifestyle changes also play an important role in AFib management. Healthy eating, regular exercise, limiting alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking can improve the condition.

Most people with AFib can live a normal, active life with treatment. Regular follow-up and adherence to treatment are important.